Messy Communities: The Established Researcher

Interactional Metadiscourse in the Writings of Novice vs. Established Members of Academic Communities

Novice academic writers, particularly Iranian graduate students (IGSs), upon entering an academic community, are hypothesized to face probable difficulties in practicing rhetorical expectations set by the experienced (EXP) members, hence, not being able to write in a way acceptable to these professionals. To explore the probable rhetorical distance between them, this study investigated the empl...

Messy Solutions For Messy Problems

We spend|and waste|too much time discussing the pros and cons of diierent programming paradigms and too little time discussing the problems we want to solve. The rst section of this note introduces a problem; the remaining sections discuss approaches to solving it. 1 A problem The problem is to design a computer program that plays good snooker. (You can substitute \pool" or \billiards" for snoo...

Hypothesis: the research page. One researcher, two researcher, three researcher, four. Five researcher, six researcher, seven researcher, more!

Restrictions in the implementation of research from the perspective of researcher students against students non-researcher

Background and purpose of study:Today, the important role of research in the development of societies is known to all. In fact, research stimulates societies to grow. Universities of the birthplace of novelties.  Therefore, developing countries attempt to pay heed to the role of universities in national progress.Unfortunately, insufficient attention has been paid to students’ potenti...

Messy bureaucracies

In Government of paper, Matthew Hull has given us one of the most finely grained, ethnographically rich analyses of the role of material artifacts in the working of states. His focus on files, maps, the parchi and the petition, and lists and land records, is a sorely needed addition to the ethnographic record. As a linguistic anthropologist, he is uniquely positioned to reflect on the linguisti...